Ndị na-emepụta ọkụ

Ndị na-emepụta ọkụ bụ ngwaọrụ na-agbanwe ụdị ike ndị ọzọ ka ọ bụrụ ike eletrik. N'afọ 1832, onye France Bixi chepụtara ihe na-emepụta ihe.

Ihe mebere generator bụ rotor na stator. Rotor dị na etiti oghere nke stator. Ọ na-egosipụta ogwe ndọta na rotor iji mepụta ebe ndọta. Ka onye na-ebugharị ihe na-eme rotor ka ọ tụgharịa, a na-ebufe ike igwe. Ogwe ndọta rotor na-atụgharị n'ọsọ dị elu yana rotor, na-eme ka oghere magnetik na-emekọrịta ihe na ikuku stator. Mmekọrịta a na-eme ka oghere magnetị gbutuo ndị na-eduzi winding stator, na-emepụta ike electromotive na-akpali akpali, ma si otú ahụ na-agbanwe ike ígwè ọrụ ka ọ bụrụ ike eletrik. A na-ekewa ndị na-emepụta ọkụ na DC generators na AC generators, nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe na mmepụta ụlọ ọrụ na ọrụ ugbo, nchebe mba, sayensị na nkà na ụzụ, na ndụ kwa ụbọchị.

Ntọala nhazi

Ndị na-emepụta ọkụ na-enwekarị stator, rotor, mkpuchi njedebe na bearings.

The stator mejupụtara stator core, wire windings, a frame, na ndị ọzọ structural akụkụ na-edozi akụkụ ndị a.

The rotor mejupụtara rotor core (ma ọ bụ magnetik ogwe aka, magnetik choke) winding, nche mgbanaka, etiti mgbanaka, slip ring, fan na rotor shaft na ndị ọzọ components.

A na-ejikọta stator na rotor nke generator ma na-agbakọta site na bearings na njedebe njedebe, nke mere na rotor nwere ike ịtụgharị na stator ma mee mmegharị nke ịcha eriri magnetik nke ike, si otú a na-emepụta ike eletrik na-ebute, bụ nke a na-eduga site na njedebe na jikọọ na sekit, na mgbe ahụ, ọkụ eletrik na-emepụta.

Atụmatụ arụrụ arụ

A na-eji arụmọrụ igwe na-emekọrịta ihe emekọrịtara tumadi site na enweghị ibu na njirimara ọrụ ibu. Njirimara ndị a bụ ntọala dị mkpa maka ndị ọrụ ịhọrọ ndị na-emepụta ọkụ.

Njirimara enweghị ibu:Mgbe generator na-arụ ọrụ na-enweghị ibu, armature ugbu a bụ efu, ọnọdụ a maara dị ka imeghe-circuit ọrụ. N'oge a, atọ-adọ winding nke moto stator naanị nwere enweghị ibu electromotive ike E0 (atọ-phase symmetry) kpaliri site excitation ugbu a Ọ bụrụ, na ịdị ukwuu ya na-abawanye na-abawanye nke Ọ bụrụ. Agbanyeghị, ha abụọ adịghị nha n'ihi na isi sekit magnetik moto juru eju. Ọkpụkpụ na-egosipụta mmekọrịta dị n'etiti enweghị ibu electromotive force E0 na mkpali ugbu a Ọ bụrụ na a na-akpọ njirimara enweghị ibu nke generator synchronous.

Mmeghachi omume akwara:Mgbe ejikọrọ igwe na-emepụta ihe na ibu symmetrical, akụkụ atọ nke ugbu a na ikuku armature na-emepụta oghere magnetik ọzọ na-atụgharị, nke a na-akpọ ogige mmeghachi omume armature. Ọsọ ya hà nhata nke rotor, ha abụọ na-atụgharịkwa synchronously.

Abụọ Synchronous generators' armature reactive ubi na rotor excitation ubi nwere ike dị ka ekesa ha abụọ dị ka sinusoidal iwu. Ọdịiche nke oghere ha na-adabere n'ụdị oge dị iche n'etiti ike eletrik na-enweghị ibu E0 na armature ugbu a I. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, mpaghara mmeghachi omume armature na-emetụtakwa ọnọdụ ibu. Mgbe ibu generator bụ inductive, armature mmeghachi omume ubi nwere demagnetizing mmetụta, na-eduga mbelata na generator voltaji. N'aka nke ọzọ, mgbe ibu bụ capacitive, armature mmeghachi omume ubi nwere a magnetizing mmetụta, nke na-eme ka mmepụta voltaji nke generator.

Njirimara ọrụ ibu:Ọ kachasị na-ezo aka na njirimara mpụga na njirimara mmezi. Njirimara dị n'èzí na-akọwa mmekọrịta dị n'etiti generator terminal voltaji U na ibu dị ugbu a I, nyere ọsọ ọsọ ọsọ, mkpali ugbu a, na ihe ike ibu. Njirimara ngbanwe ahụ na-akọwa mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ihe na-akpali akpali ugbu a Ọ bụrụ na ibu dị ugbu a I, nyere ọsọ ọsọ na-agba ọsọ mgbe niile, voltaji njedebe, na ihe ike ibu.

Ọnụego mgbanwe voltaji nke ndị na-emepụta ihe na-emekọrịta ihe bụ ihe dịka 20-40%. A na-ahụkarị ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na ibu ụlọ chọrọ voltaji dịtụ mgbe niile. Ya mere, a ghaghị imezigharị ihe na-akpali akpali dị ka ihe dị ugbu a na-abawanye. Ọ bụ ezie na mgbanwe mgbanwe nke ụkpụrụ ụkpụrụ bụ ndị megidere nke mpụga agwa, ọ na-abawanye maka inductive na kpere resistive ibu, mgbe ọ n'ozuzu mbelata maka capacitive ibu.

Ụkpụrụ ọrụ

Diesel Generator

Igwe mmanụ dizel na-ebu igwe na-ebunye ọkụ, na-agbanwe ike sitere na mmanụ dizel ka ọ bụrụ ike eletrik. N'ime cylinder nke injin diesel, ikuku dị ọcha, nke ikuku ikuku na-enyocha, na-agwakọta nke ọma na mmanụ dizel atomized dị elu nke onye injector na-agbanye mmanụ. Ka piston na-arịgo elu, na-echikota ngwakọta ahụ, olu ya na-ebelata ma okpomọkụ na-ebili ngwa ngwa ruo mgbe ọ ruru ebe mgbanye mmanụ dizel. Nke a na-agbanye mmanụ dizel, na-eme ka ngwakọta na-agba ọkụ n'ike. Mgbasa ngwa ngwa nke gas na-amanye piston ala, usoro a maara dị ka 'ọrụ'.

mmanụ ụgbọala Generator

Igwe mmanụ ụgbọala na-ebuba onye na-emepụta ọkụ, na-agbanwe ike kemịkalụ nke mmanụ ụgbọala ka ọ bụrụ ike eletrik. N'ime cylinder nke mmanụ ụgbọala, ngwakọta nke mmanụ ọkụ na ikuku na-agba ọkụ ngwa ngwa, na-eme ka mgbasawanye ngwa ngwa na olu nke na-amanye piston ala, na-arụ ọrụ.

Na mmanụ dizel na mmanụ ụgbọala, cylinder nke ọ bụla na-arụ ọrụ n'usoro n'usoro. Ike a na-etinye na piston na-agbanwe site na mkpanaka njikọ ka ọ bụrụ ike ntụgharị, nke na-ebugharị crankshaft. Igwe ọkụ AC na-emekọrịta ihe nke na-enweghị brush, nke ejiri igwe crankshaft nke igwe na-arụ ọrụ ike, na-enye ohere ntụgharị nke injin ahụ ịkwanye rotor generator. Dabere na ụkpụrụ nke induction electromagnetic, onye na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ike electromotive na-ebute, na-emepụta ugbu a site na sekit ibu mechiri emechi.